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 ⇒ Level 3 Diploma for the Early Years Educator ⇒ Unit 3.9: Facilitate the cognitive development of children ⇒ Describe theoretical perspectives in relation to cognitive development

Describe theoretical perspectives in relation to cognitive development

Qualification: Level 3 Diploma for the Early Years Educator
Unit: Unit 3.9: Facilitate the cognitive development of children
Learning outcome: 2 Understand theory underpinning cognitive development
Assessment criteria: 2.1 Describe theoretical perspectives in relation to cognitive development

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  • Piaget
    • 4 stages of cognitive development:
      1. Sensorimotor (0-2 years) – children learn from sensory input and experience, learn that they are separate from other things and learn object permanence
      2. Preoperational (2-7 years) – egocentricism, learn symbols/words
      3. Concrete Operational (7-11 years) – develop logic and reasoning, understand concept of conservatism, begin ro see things from the perspective of others
      4. Formal Operational (12+) – understand abstract and hypothetical problems, increase in logic and reason
    • Schemas – used to describe how children formulate ideas based on experience
      • Assimilation – child processes information (e.g. a child sees a herd of cows and and can describe them as large, slow, noisy and brown)
      • Accommodation – schema changes based on new information (e.g. a child sees a cow running and changes their schema so that they are no longer classed as slow or sees a black and white cow and realises all cows are not brown)
  • Vygotsky
    • Social interaction is important to the development of a child’s cognition
    • Zone of proximal development – children can only learn up to a certain point independently, after which they require adults or peers to introduce further concepts
  • Bandura
    • Social Cognitive Theory – children learn by observing and copying others (modelling)
  • Skinner
    • Positive and negative reinforcement support children’s learning
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