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 ⇒ Level 3 Diploma for the Early Years Educator ⇒ Unit 3.12: Promote the personal, social and emotional development of children ⇒ Describe theoretical perspectives in relation to personal, social and emotional development

Describe theoretical perspectives in relation to personal, social and emotional development

Qualification: Level 3 Diploma for the Early Years Educator
Unit: Unit 3.12: Promote the personal, social and emotional development of children
Learning outcome: 2 Understand theory and current frameworks underpinning personal, social and emotional development of children
Assessment criteria: 2.1 Describe theoretical perspectives in relation to personal, social and emotional development

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  • Bowlby’s Attachment Theory proposes that children naturally form attachments with their main caregivers and if this is not developed or is regulalrly disrupted, it can result in long-term social and emotional difficulties for a child
  • Theory of Mind is the ability to attribute mental states to ourselves and others, which can help us to understand and predict the behaviour of others – it is useful in social interaction because it enables us to understand that others may have different perspectives and beliefs to our own.
  • Bandura’s Social Learning/Cognitive Theory proposes that children learn by observing and imitating those around them. In addition, Bandura believed that self-efficacy (a person’s confidence in their capabilities) underpins their wellbeing, resilience and performance.
  • Parten’s Six Stages of Play tracks the development of a child’s social skills:
    1. Unoccupied play (birth+) – child is not playing, but may be observing
    2. Solitary play (birth to 2 years) – child plays alone
    3. Onlooker play (0 to 2 years) – child observes others playing but does not engage
    4. Parallel play (2 to 3 years) – child likes to be near other children when playing but they do not interact
    5. Associative play (3 to 4 years) – interaction and sharing with others increases but child will still be focused on theor own activity
    6. Cooperative play (4+ years) – children play together cooperatively, using communication, negotiation and assigning roles
  • Erikson’s 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development theorises that there are a number of conflicts throughout life that provide an opportunity to develop. They include:
    • Trust vs Mistrust (Birth-18mths)
    • Autonomy vs Doubt (2-3yrs)
    • Initiative vs Guilt (3-5yrs)
    • Industry vs Inferiority (6-11yrs)
  • Harter’s Model of Self-Esteem proposes that an individual’s self-esteem can be measured by how closely their self-image matches their concept of their ideal self. Therefore, it is important for children to develop a strong self-image as they grow.
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